1896 FRONTENAC COLONIAL CANADA HISTORY IROQUOIS HURON MOHAWK INDIAN WAR SETTLERS

Description: 1896 FRONTENAC COLONIAL CANADA HISTORY IROQUOIS HURON MOHAWK INDIAN WAR SETTLERS Click images to enlarge Description 1896 FRONTENAC, PARKMAN France and England in North America A Series of Historical Narratives. By Francis Parkman Author of the "History of the Conspiracy of Pontiac," "The Oregon Trail," "The Old Régime in Canada," etc. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. 1896 463 PAGES WITH FOLD OUT MAP THIS BOOK IS COMPLETE, CLEAN AND IN VERY GOOD + + TO NEAR FINE CONDITION... PLEASE SEE PICTURES Count Frontenac and New France Under Louis XIV. by Francis Parkman Author of "Pioneers of France in the New World," "The Jesuits in North America," "The Discovery of the Great West," and "The Old Régime in Canada." PREFACE. The events recounted in this book group themselves in the main about a single figure, that of Count Frontenac, the most remarkable man who ever represented the crown of France in the New World. From strangely unpromising beginnings, he grew with every emergency, and rose equal to every crisis. His whole career was one of conflict, sometimes petty and personal, sometimes of momentous consequence, involving the question of national ascendancy on this continent. Now that this question is put at rest for ever, it is hard to conceive the anxiety which it wakened in our forefathers. But for one rooted error of French policy, the future of the English-speaking races in America would have been more than endangered. Under the rule of Frontenac occurred the first serious collision of the rival powers, and the opening of the grand scheme of military occupation by which France strove to envelop and hold in check the industrial populations of the English colonies. It was he who made that scheme possible. In "The Old Régime in Canada," I tried to show from what inherent causes this wilderness empire of the Great Monarch fell at last before a foe, superior indeed in numbers, but lacking all the forces that belong to a system of civil and military centralization. The present volume will show how valiantly, and for a time how successfully, New France battled against a fate which her own organic fault made inevitable. Her history is a great and significant drama, enacted among untamed forests, with a distant gleam of courtly splendors and the regal pomp of Versailles. The authorities on which the book rests are drawn chiefly from the manuscript collections of the French government in the Archives Nationales, the Bibliothèque Nationale, and, above all, the vast repositories of the Archives of the Marine and Colonies. Others are from Canadian and American sources. I have, besides, availed myself of the collection of French, English, and Dutch documents published by the State of New York, under the excellent editorship of Dr. O'Callaghan, and of the manuscript collections made in France by the governments of Canada and of Massachusetts. A considerable number of books, contemporary or nearly so with ixthe events described, also help to throw light upon them; and these have all been examined. The citations in the margins represent but a small part of the authorities consulted. This mass of material has been studied with extreme care, and peculiar pains have been taken to secure accuracy of statement. In the preface of "The Old Régime," I wrote: "Some of the results here reached are of a character which I regret, since they cannot be agreeable to persons for whom I have a very cordial regard. The conclusions drawn from the facts may be matter of opinion: but it will be remembered that the facts themselves can be overthrown only by overthrowing the evidence on which they rest, or bringing forward counter-evidence of equal or greater strength; and neither task will be found an easy one." The invitation implied in these words has not been accepted. "The Old Régime" was met by vehement protest in some quarters; but, so far as I know, none of the statements of fact contained in it have been attacked by evidence, or even challenged. The lines just quoted are equally applicable to this volume. Should there be occasion, a collection of documentary proofs will be published more than sufficient to make good the positions taken. Meanwhile, it will, I think, be clear to an impartial reader that the xstory is told, not in the interest of any race or nationality, but simply in that of historical truth. When, at the age of eighteen, I formed the purpose of writing on French-American history, I meant at first to limit myself to the great contest which brought that history to a close. It was by an afterthought that the plan was extended to cover the whole field, so that the part of the work, or series of works, first conceived, would, following the sequence of events, be the last executed. As soon as the original scheme was formed, I began to prepare for executing it by examining localities, journeying in forests, visiting Indian tribes, and collecting materials. I have continued to collect them ever since, so that the accumulation is now rather formidable; and, if it is to be used at all, it had better be used at once. Therefore, passing over for the present an intervening period of less decisive importance, I propose to take, as the next subject of this series, "Montcalm and the Fall of New France." Boston, 1 Jan., 1877. Contents... Count Frontenac and New France under Louis XIV. PREFACE. CHAPTER I. 1620-1672. COUNT AND COUNTESS FRONTENAC. Mademoiselle de Montpensier and Madame de Frontenac • Orleans • The Maréchale de Camp • Count Frontenac • Conjugal Disputes • Early Life of Frontenac • His Courtship and Marriage • Estrangement • Scenes at St. Fargeau • The Lady of Honor dismissed • Frontenac as a Soldier • He is made Governor of New France • Les Divines. CHAPTER II. 1672-1675 FRONTENAC AT QUEBEC. Arrival • Bright Prospects • The Three Estates of New France • Speech of the Governor • His Innovations • Royal Displeasure • Signs of Storm • Frontenac and the Priests • His Attempts to civilize the Indians • Opposition • Complaints and Heart-burnings. CHAPTER III. 1673-1675. FRONTENAC AND PERROT. La Salle • Fort Frontenac • Perrot • His Speculations • His Tyranny • The Bush-rangers • Perrot revolts • Becomes alarmed • Dilemma of Frontenac • Mediation of Fénelon • Perrot in Prison • Excitement of the Sulpitians • Indignation of Fénelon • Passion of Frontenac • Perrot on Trial • Strange Scenes • Appeal to the King • Answers of Louis XIV. and Colbert • Fénelon rebuked. xiiCHAPTER IV. 1675-1682. FRONTENAC AND DUCHESNEAU. Frontenac receives a Colleague • He opposes the Clergy • Disputes in the Council • Royal Intervention • Frontenac rebuked • Fresh Outbreaks • Charges and Countercharges • The Dispute grows hot • Duchesneau condemned and Frontenac warned • The Quarrel continues • The King loses Patience • More Accusations • Factions and Feuds • A Side Quarrel • The King threatens • Frontenac denounces the Priests • The Governor and the Intendant recalled • Qualities of Frontenac. CHAPTER V. 1682-1684. LE FEBVRE DE LA BARRE. His Arrival at Quebec • The Great Fire • A Coming Storm • Iroquois Policy • The Danger imminent • Indian Allies of France • Frontenac and the Iroquois • Boasts of La Barre • His Past Life • His Speculations • He takes Alarm • His Dealings with the Iroquois • His Illegal Trade • His Colleague denounces him • Fruits of his Schemes • His Anger and his Fears. CHAPTER VI. 1684. LA BARRE AND THE IROQUOIS. Dongan • New York and its Indian Neighbors • The Rival Governors • Dongan and the Iroquois • Mission to Onondaga • An Iroquois Politician • Warnings of Lamberville • Iroquois Boldness • La Barre takes the Field • His Motives • The March • Pestilence • Council at La Famine • The Iroquois defiant • Humiliation of La Barre • The Indian Allies • Their Rage and Disappointment • Recall of La Barre. CHAPTER VII. 1685-1687. DENONVILLE AND DONGAN. Troubles of the New Governor • His Character • English Rivalry • Intrigues of Dongan • English Claims • A Diplomatic Duel • Overt Acts • Anger of Denonville • James II. checks Dongan • Denonville emboldened • Strife in the North • Hudson's Bay • Attempted Pacification • Artifice of Denonville • He prepares for War. CHAPTER VIII. 1687. DENONVILLE AND THE SENECAS. Treachery of Denonville • Iroquois Generosity • The Invading Army • The Western Allies • Plunder of English Traders • Arrival of the Allies • Scene at the French Camp • March of Denonville • Ambuscade • Battle • Victory • The Seneca Babylon • Imperfect Success. CHAPTER IX. 1687-1689. THE IROQUOIS INVASION. Altercations • Attitude of Dongan • Martial Preparation • Perplexity of Denonville • Angry Correspondence • Recall of Dongan • Sir Edmund Andros • Humiliation of Denonville • Distress of Canada • Appeals for Help • Iroquois Diplomacy • A Huron Macchiavel • The Catastrophe • Ferocity of the Victors • War with England • Recall of Denonville. CHAPTER X. 1689-1690. RETURN OF FRONTENAC. Versailles • Frontenac and the King • Frontenac sails for Quebec • Projected Conquest of New York • Designs of the King • Failure • Energy of Frontenac • Fort Frontenac • Panic • Negotiations • The Iroquois in Council • Chevalier d'Aux • Taunts of the Indian Allies • Boldness of Frontenac • An Iroquois Defeat • Cruel Policy • The Stroke parried. CHAPTER XI. 1690. THE THREE WAR-PARTIES. Measures of Frontenac • Expedition against Schenectady • The March • The Dutch Village • The Surprise • The Massacre • Prisoners spared • Retreat • The English and their Iroquois Friends • The Abenaki War • Revolution at Boston • Capture of Pemaquid • Capture of Salmon Falls • Capture of Fort Loyal • Frontenac and his Prisoner • The Canadians encouraged. CHAPTER XII. 1690. MASSACHUSETTS ATTACKS QUEBEC. English Schemes • Capture of Port Royal • Acadia reduced • Conduct of Phips • His History and Character • Boston in Arms • A Puritan Crusade • The March from Albany • Frontenac and the Council • Frontenac at Montreal • His War Dance • An Abortive Expedition • An English Raid • Frontenac at Quebec • Defences of the Town • The Enemy arrives. CHAPTER XIII. 1690. DEFENCE OF QUEBEC. Phips on the St. Lawrence • Phips at Quebec • A Flag of Truce • Scene at the Château • The Summons and the Answer • Plan of Attack • Landing of the English • The Cannonade • The Ships repulsed • The Land Attack • Retreat of Phips • Condition of Quebec • Rejoicings of the French • Distress at Boston. CHAPTER XIV. 1690-1694. THE SCOURGE OF CANADA. Iroquois Inroads • Death of Bienville • English Attack • A Desperate Fight • Miseries of the Colony • Alarms • A Winter Expedition • La Chesnaye burned • The Heroine of Verchères • Mission Indians • The Mohawk Expedition • Retreat and Pursuit • Relief arrives • Frontenac Triumphant. CHAPTER XV. 1691-1695. AN INTERLUDE. Appeal of Frontenac • His Opponents • His Services • Rivalry and Strife • Bishop Saint-Vallier • Society at the Château • Private Theatricals • Alarm of the Clergy • Tartuffe • A Singular Bargain • Mareuil and the Bishop • Mareuil on Trial • Zeal of Saint-Vallier • Scandals at Montreal • Appeal to the King • The Strife composed • Libel against Frontenac. CHAPTER XVI. 1690-1694. THE WAR IN ACADIA. State of that Colony • The Abenakis • Acadia and New England • Pirates • Baron de Saint-Castin • Pentegoet • The English Frontier • The French and the Abenakis • Plan of the War • Capture of York • Villebon • Grand War-party • Attack of Wells • Pemaquid rebuilt • John Nelson • A Broken Treaty • Villieu and Thury • Another War-party • Massacre at Oyster River. CHAPTER XVII. 1690-1697. NEW FRANCE AND NEW ENGLAND. The Frontier of New England • Border Warfare • Motives of the French • Needless Barbarity • Who were answerable? • Father Thury • The Abenakis waver • Treachery at Pemaquid • Capture of Pemaquid • Projected Attack on Boston • Disappointment • Miseries of the Frontier • A Captive Amazon. CHAPTER XVIII. 1693-1697. FRENCH AND ENGLISH RIVALRY. Le Moyne d'Iberville • His Exploits in Newfoundland • In Hudson's Bay • The Great Prize • The Competitors • Fatal Policy of the King • The Iroquois Question • Negotiation • Firmness of Frontenac • English Intervention • War renewed • State of the West • Indian Diplomacy • Cruel Measures • A Perilous Crisis • Audacity of Frontenac. CHAPTER XIX. 1696-1698. FRONTENAC ATTACKS THE ONONDAGAS. March of Frontenac • Flight of the Enemy • An Iroquois Stoic • Relief for the Onondagas • Boasts of Frontenac • His Complaints • His Enemies • Parties in Canada • Views of Frontenac and the King • Frontenac prevails • Peace of Ryswick • Frontenac and Bellomont • Schuyler at Quebec • Festivities • A Last Defiance. CHAPTER XX. 1698. DEATH OF FRONTENAC. His Last Hours • His Will • His Funeral • His Eulogist and his Critic • His Disputes with the Clergy • His Character. CHAPTER XXI. 1699-1701. CONCLUSION. The New Governor • Attitude of the Iroquois • Negotiations • Embassy to Onondaga • Peace • The Iroquois and the Allies • Difficulties • Death of the Great Huron • Funeral Rites • The Grand Council • The Work of Frontenac finished • Results. APPENDIX. INDEX. [Illustration: Map of Canada and Adjacent Countries towards the Close of the 17th century.] INDEX... A. Abenakis, Indians of Acadia and Maine, 220, 221, 228, 310, 368; attack the Christian Iroquois, 234; their domain, 338; missions, 339; incited against the English colonists, 348; attack on York, 349; visit Villebon at St. John, 351, 352; their attack on Wells, 353; is foiled, 355; treaty with the English at Pemaquid, 360; are won back by the French, 361-363; influenced by missionary priests, 374-376. Acadia (Nova Scotia and westward to the Kennebec) exposed to in-roads from New England, 117, 335; the war in, 335-368; the region, 337-339; relations with New England, 340; hostilities, 342; Villebon governor; border war, 347, 353-363, New England attacks, 373. Albany, an Indian mart, 75; Indian council there, 90, 120; Iroquois summoned thither by Dongan, 158; by Schuyler, 399; expedition against Montreal, 246. Albany, Fort, on Hudson's Bay, taken by Canadians, 134. Albemarle, Duke of, aids Phips, 242. Alliance, triple, of Indians and English, 197. Amours, councillor at Quebec, imprisoned by Frontenac, 51-54; (see 247). Andros, Sir Edmund, appointed colonial governor, 164; his jurisdiction, 165; plunders Castine, 221; is deposed, 223; at Pentegoet, 346. Auteuil, attorney-general of Canada, an enemy of Frontenac, 47, 247; banished, 49. Avaux, Count d', French envoy at London, 135. B. Bastile, confinement of Perrot, 41. Baugis, Chevalier de, sent by La Barre to seize Fort St. Louis, 86. Beaucour, 299. Bellefonds, Maréchal de, a friend of Frontenac at court, 59. Bellomont, Earl of, governor of New York, 423; corresponds with Frontenac, 423-426. Belmont, Abbé, cited, 102 n., 154. Bernières, vicar of Laval in Canada, 38. Bienville, François de, 288. Big Mouth, an Iroquois chief, 95, 98, 105, 114, 141; his speech in defiance of La Barre, 107-109; his power in the confederacy, 170; defiance of Denonville, 172. Bigot, Jacques and Vincent, Jesuits, 220-222; in Acadia, 375, 378. Bishop of Canada, see Laval, Saint-Vallier. Bizard, Lieutenant, despatched by Frontenac to Montreal, 31. Boisseau, his quarrel at Quebec, 63. Boston, after the failure at Quebec, 284, 295; plan of attack on, 382-384. Bounties on scalps, &c., 298. Bradstreet, at the age of eighty-seven, made governor after Andros at Boston, 223. Bretonvilliers, superior of Jesuits, 42. Brucy, a lieutenant, agent of Perrot, his traffic with Indians, 28, 34. Bruyas, a Jesuit interpreter, 105. C. Cadillac, 324; at Michillimackinac, 403, 406. Callières, governor of Montreal, 150, 153; his scheme for conquering the English colonies, 187; comes to the defence of Quebec, 259, 270, 279; at La Prairie, 290; quarrel with the bishop, 329-331; in the Onondaga expedition, 410, 412, 416; succeeds Frontenac as governor, 438; treats with the Iroquois, 440; conference at Montreal, and treaty, 447-451. Canada, character of its colonial rule, 20; its condition under Denonville, 165-168; Iroquois invasion, 177-182 (see 286, 294, 301). 458Cannehoot, a Seneca chief, 197. Cannibalism of the Indians, 112, 153, 206, 404. Carheil, a Jesuit, at Michillimackinac, 201. Carion, an officer of Perrot, 30; arrested by Frontenac, 31. Casco Bay, garrison at, 223; defeat of Indians, 226; the garrison overcome and slaughtered, 228-231. Cataraqui (Fort Frontenac), 109. Champigny, intendant of Canada, 136, 333; his treacherous seizure of Indians at Fort Frontenac, 139-142; at Quebec, 247; at Montreal, 252; defends himself, 296; relations with Frontenac, 319; a champion of the Jesuits, 322, 329; reconciled to Frontenac, 429; opposes Callières, 438. Chedabucto (Nova Scotia), Frontenac's rendezvous, 188; fortifications, 336. Chesnaye (La), a trader of Quebec, 72, 102. Chesnaye, La, massacres at, 194, 301. Chubb (Pascho), commands at Pemaquid, 378; which he surrenders, 381. Cocheco (Dover, N. H.), attacked, 224. Colbert, minister of Louis XIV., his zeal for the French colonies, 15; despatches to Frontenac, 20, 41, 50, 59; instructions to Duchesneau, 44, 46, 55. Converts, Indian, their piety, &c, 366 377 n., 386. Corlaer, the Iroquois name for the governor of New York, 93 n.. (see 109, 138, 199); origin of the name, 217 n. Council at Quebec, hostile to Frontenac, 47, 49, 52, 248-251; alarmed at rumors of attack, 247. ———at Onondaga, 196-200; at Montreal, 442-451. Courcelle, predecessor of Frontenac, 26. Coureurs de bois to be arrested, 29, 34; amnesty, 51; their influence with Frontenac, 57; the king's charge regarding them, 58; under Du Lhut, 54, 99, 128, 144, 193; at Michillimackinac, 122; deserters, 125; in the Seneca expedition, 150; their license, 183; hardihood, 209. Cut Nose, an Iroquois convert, 195; his speech at the Onondaga council, 197. D. Davis, Sylvanus, a trader, commanding at Fort Loyal, Casco Bay, 229; his surrender, 231; captivity, 232. Denonville, successor of La Barre as governor of Canada, 1685-1689; sails for Canada, 116; circumstances there; his character, 117; his instructions, 120; his intrigues, 121; correspondence with Dongan, 123-128; threatens to attack Albany, 129; orders Du Lhut to shoot bush-rangers and deserters, 130; plans an expedition against the Iroquois, 136; musters the Canadian militia, 138; treacherously seizes a party of Indians, 140; arrives at Fort Frontenac, 144; at Irondequoit Bay, 148; march for the Seneca country, 149; battle in the woods, 152; his report of the battle, 153; destroys "the Babylon of the Senecas," 154; builds a fort on the Niagara, 155; further correspondence with Dongan, 159-161; sends an envoy to Albany, 162; abandons the Niagara fort, 166; begs for the return of Indian captives, 167; his wretched condition, 168; seeks a conference with the Iroquois, 170; who deceive him, and invade Canada, 177; horrors of the invasion, 178-182; he is recalled, and succeeded by Frontenac, 182; who finds him at Montreal, 191; having ordered the destruction of Fort Frontenac, 192. Deserters, French, demanded by Denonville, 127; sheltered bv Dongan, 129, 131. Detroit, 112; a fort built here by Du Lhut, 128; held by the French, 452. Dongan (an Irish Catholic), governor of New Netherland, 89; holds an Indian council at Albany, 90-93; his rivalry with Canada, 119; complaints of Denonville, 120; their correspondence, 123-128; vindicates himself, 129; he sends Denonville some oranges, 130; his pacific instructions from England, 135; his wrath at the French attack on the Indian country, 158; is recalled, and replaced by Sir Edmund Andros, 164. Dover, N. H. (Cocheco), attacked by Indians, 224. Duchesneau, sent as intendant to Quebec; sides with the clergy against Frontenac, 45; dispute as to the presidency of the council, 48-51; quarrel in the council, 53; his accusations against Frontenac, 54-58; Frontenac's complaints of him, 60-63; and violence to his son, 63, 64; Duchesneau recalled, 67. 459Du Lhut, a leader of coureurs de bois, 54, 56, 81, 99; rivalry with English traders of Hudson's Bay, 81; intrigues with Indians, 111; builds a fort near Detroit, 128; where he has a large force of French and Indians, 144, 147; leads attack on the Senecas, 150; defeats a party of Indians on the Ottawa, 193. Durantaye, La, at Niagara, 99; with Du Lhut at Michillimackinac, 111; at Detroit, 144; captures Rooseboom and McGregory, 146; commanding at Michillimackinac, sends bad news to Montreal, 201; is replaced by Louvigny, 203. D'Urfé, Abbé, a Canadian missionary, is ill received by Frontenac, 36; carries complaints of him to France, 40, 42. Dustan, Mrs., of Haverhill, her exploit, 385-387. Dutch traders instigate Iroquois against the French, 75; pursuit of the fur trade into their country, 89. E. Engelran, a Jesuit missionary at Michillimackinac, confers with Denonville, 121; his dealings with the Indians, 145, 159, 443; is wounded by the Senecas, 153. English colonies, designs of Louis XIV. for their destruction, 189. English colonists of New England invade Acadia, 117; their organization and policy compared with the French, 394-397; their military inefficiency, 408 (see New England). F. Famine (La), on Lake Ontario, visited bv La Barre, 104; the council, 105-110; treaty of, 113, 117; treacherous attack here on the Iroquois by Kondiaronk (the Rat), 173-175. Fénelon, a zealous missionary priest at Montreal, 33; arraigned at Quebec by Frontenac, 36-38; is sent to France, 39; and forbidden to return, 42. Fletcher, governor of New York, his complaints of weakness and divisions, 408. Forest posts, their abuses and their value to the French, 419, 420. Fort, see Albany, Famine (La), Frontenac, Loyal, Niagara, St. Louis, Nelson. Fortifications of Canada, 297. Fox Indians, charged with cowardice, 112. French designs of colonization and conquest, 119; policy of conquest and massacre, 370-373; colonization, compared with English, 394-397; occupation of the Great West, 452. Frontenac, Count (Louis de Buade), governor of Canada, 1672-1682, 1689-1698; at St. Fargeau, 4; his early life, 5; marriage, 6, 455; his quarrel at St. Fargeau, 7; his estate, 8; his vanity, 9; aids Venice at Candia; his appointment to command in New France, 11; at Quebec, 14; convokes the three estates, 17; his address, 18; form of government, 19; his merits and faults, 21; complains of the Jesuits, 22-25, 320-322; Fort Frontenac built and confided to La Salle, 27; dispute with Perrot, governor of Montreal, whom he throws into prison, 28-34; this leads to a quarrel with Abbé Fénelon and the priests, 35-38; Frontenac's relations with the clergy, 39; his instructions from the king and Colbert, 40-46; his hot temper, 44, 45; question of the presidency, 48-51; imprisonment of Amours, 51-54; disputes on the fur trade, and accusations of Duchesneau, 54-58; reproof from the king and Colbert, 58-60; complaints against Duchesneau, 60-63; arrest of his son, 64; relations with Perrot, 65; with the Church, 68; with the Indians, 69, 254; his recall, 67; sails for France, 71; relations at this time with the Iroquois, 76-79; Frontenac is sent again to Canada, 186; scheme of invading New York, 187; arrives at Chedabucto, 188; at Quebec and Montreal, 191; attempts to save the fort, 192; summons a conference of Indians, 195; the conference, 196-200; another failure, 201; message to the Lake Indians, 203, 206; scheme of attack on English colonies, 208; Schenectady, 211-219; Pemaquid, 224; Salmon Falls, 227; Casco Bay, 229; conference with Davis, 232; leads the war-dance, 254; defence of Quebec, 247-279; reply to Phips's summons, 267; begs troops from the king, 295; expedition against the Mohawks, 310-315; appeal to Ponchartrain, 317-319, 320-322, 417; jealousies against him, 319; complaints of Champigny, 320; scheme of coast-attack, 357; treats with the Iroquois, 397-399, 460401, 421; his difficult position, 402; expedition against the Onondagas, 410-415, 421; his tardy reward, 417; his policy, 419-421; correspondence with Bellomont, 423-426; death and character, 428-436; the eulogist and the critic, 431-434; his administration, 436; account of his family, 453-456. Frontenac, Fort, 27, 78; La Barre's muster of troops, 85, 97; his arrival, 103; summons a council of Indians, 137; who are treacherously seized and made prisoners, 139-143 (see 162, 167, 170); expedition against the Senecas, 147-155; sickness, 166; visit of the Rat, 175; the fort destroyed by order of Denonville, 192; restored, 407, 416. Frontenac, Madame, her portrait at Versailles, 1; with Mlle. Montpensier at Orleans, 3, 7; surprised by her husband's visit, 4; dismissed by the princess, 10; her stay in Paris and death, 12, 13; serves Frontenac at the court, 320; is made his heir, 429. G. Galley-slaves, 140, 142. Ganneious, a mission village: Indians treacherously seized, 140. Garangula, 95 (see Big Mouth). Garrison houses described, 371. Glen, John S., at Schenectady, 213, 216, 217 n. Grignan, Count de, 12 n.. H. Hayes, Fort (Hudson's Bay), seized, 133. Henry IV. of France, anecdotes of, 454. Hertel, Fr., commands an expedition against New Hampshire, 220, 227. Hontan (Baron La), 103, 105, 300; at Fort Frontenac, 139; his account of the attack on Quebec, 277. Howard, Lord (governor of Virginia), at Albany, 90. Hudson's Bay: English traders,117; attack on their posts by Troyes, 132, 134; by Iberville, 391-393. Huguenots at Port Royal, 341. Huron converts, 24, 75, 255; at Michillimackinac, 205. Huron Indians inclined to the English, 118; at Michillimackinac, 205. I. Iberville, son of Le Moyne, 132; his military career, 388; attack on Newfoundland, 389-391; at Fort Nelson, 392. Illinois, tribe of, 78, 122. Indians: illustrations of their manners and customs, 24, 69, 94, 145, 148, 150, 155, 253, 254, 448; graveyard, 154; their cannibalism, 97, 112, 153, 181, 206, 313; torture, 181, 300; instigated by French, 205, 356; great conference at Montreal, 442-451. Irondequoit Bay, 147; muster of Indians there, 148. Iroquois (Five Nations), 69, 74; their strength, 74, 79; policy, 75; craft, 82; pride, 92; offences against the French, 106, 169; Denonville seeks to chastise them, 122; approached by Dongan, 127; they distrust Denonville, 137; seizure at Fort Frontenac, 139; converts as allies, 150, 156; claimed as subjects by Andres, 165; invasion of Canada, 168, 177-181; seize the ruins of Fort Frontenac, 193; their inroads, 287; relations with Bellomont, 424; their suspicions of the French, 439; treat with Callières, 440; conference at Montreal, 442-451; their ill-faith, 445; their numbers, 452 n.. J. James II., 119, 136; assumes protectorate over the Iroquois, 161; puts the colonies under command of Andros, 164; is deposed, 182. Jesuits in Canada, 17; Frontenac's charges, 22, 25, 39, 293; English suspicions, 90; protected by Denonville, 124; excluded by Dongan, 159; hostile to Frontenac, 191; during the attack on Quebec, 281; their intrigues, 331. Joncaire, his adventures among the Indians, 441, 443. K. Kinshon (the Fish), Indian name of New England, 199. Kondiaronk (the Rat), a Huron chief, 77; his craft, which brings on the Iroquois invasion, 173-176, 205; at Montreal, 442, 444; death and burial, 445-447; a Christian convert, 446. L. La Barre, governor of Canada, 1682-1684; finds Lower Quebec in ruins, 72; his boasting, 79; proposes to attack the Senecas, 83; expedition to the Illinois; seizes Fort St. Louis, 86; campaign against the Senecas, 99; charges of Meules, 101; council at Fort La Famine, 104-110; La Barre's speech, 106; embassy to the Upper Lakes, 111; wrath of the Ottawas, 113; is recalled, 115. La Chesnaye, partner of Duchesneau, 60; in favor with La Barre, 81; seizes Fort Frontenac, 82; his forest trade, 84 (see Chesnaye). La Chine, massacre of, 178. La Forêt, commander of Fort Frontenac, 81; returns to France, 82. La Grange, father-in-law of Frontenac, 5. Lake tribes, English alliance, 97; great gathering at Montreal, 252-255; conciliated by Frontenac, 315; their threatening attitude, 403; treaty with Callières, 447-451. Lamberville, a Jesuit missionary at Onondaga, 78, 95, 104; correspondence with La Barre, 96, 114; protected by Dongan, 125; in danger among the Iroquois, 137; escapes to Denonville, 142. La Motte-Cadillac (see Cadillac). La Plaque, a Christian Indian, 255, 256. La Prairie attacked by John Schuyler, 257; by Peter Schuvler, 289; his retreat, 291-293. La Salle, his relations with Frontenac, 27, 54; at Fort St. Louis, 75; which is seized by La Barre, 86. Laval, bishop of Canada, 23, 38, 45, 281. Leisler, Jacob, at Fort William, 212, 289. Le Moyne, mission to the Onondagas, 83, 104, 106, 288. Louis XIII., infancy of, 454. Louis XIV. admonishes Frontenac, 49, 55, 58; recalls La Barre, 115; supports Denonville, 119, 135; his reign, 184; designs respecting the English colonies, 189, 190; announces the treaty of Ryswick, 423. Loyal, Fort, at Casco Bay, 229, 230; surrenders to Portneuf, 231. M. Madeleine de Verchères, her heroism, 302-308. Madocawando, Penobscot chief, 345, 360, 363. Mareuil interdicted for play-acting, 325-328. Massachusetts, condition of the colony, 244, 285. Mather, 243, 246. McGregory, expedition to Lake Huron, 128, 147. Meneval, governor of Port Royal, 237; a prisoner at Boston, 240. Meules, intendant of Canada, 72; letter to La Barre, 99; representations to the king, 114; recalled, 136. Michigan, the country claimed by the English, 122. Michillimackinac, trouble there, 76; French stores threatened, 83, 84, 87; expedition of Perrot, 111; threatened Indian hostilities, 121; Indian muster, 145; English traders seized, 146; craft of the Rat, 176; burning of an Iroquois prisoner, 205; in command of Cadillac, 331. Missionaries, French, among the Indians, 24, 68; to be protected (Denonville), 124, 163 n..; (Dongan), 126, 130, 160; instigate Indians to torture and kill their prisoners, 205; incite to murderous attacks, 374. Mohawks, fear the French, 74; their settlements, 93; at Schenectady, 212, 215; visit Albany, 218; mission village at Saut St. Louis, 309; expedition against the tribe, 310-315. Montespan, Mme., 12. Montpensier, Princess, 1; at Orleans, 2; her exile, 4; relations with Mme. Frontenac, 10 (see 12 n.). Montreal, condition under Perrot, 28, 65; arrests made by Perrot, 66; terror at the Iroquois invasion, 179, 191; threatened attack from New York, 236; condition of the country during the Indian invasions, 301; great gathering of traders and Indians, 316; great council of Indians, 443-451. Mosquitoes, 103. Moyne, Le, 106, 208. N. Nelson, John, a prisoner at Quebec; warns the Massachusetts colony, 358. Nelson, Fort, on Hudson's Bay, 393. Nesmond (Marquis), to command in attack on Boston, 382, 384. New England colonies unfit for war, 244, 285, 394; relations with Canada, 373; frontier hostilities, 385. New Netherland, colony of, 89. 462New York, English colonies of; relations with the Iroquois, 75; claims to the western country, 117; intrigues with the Hurons, 118; trade with the north-west, 128; checked by La Durantaye, 146 (see Dongan); relations with Canada, 374. Niagara, Fort, planned by Denonville, 125; Indian muster at, 144; the fort built, 155; destroyed, 166. O. Oneidas, 93. Onondaga, 94; council at, 196-200, 401. Onontio, Indian name for governor of Canada, 69, 78, 92 (La Barre); addressed by Big Mouth, 107-109. Orleans, holds for the Fronde, 2. Otréouati (Big Mouth), 95. Ottawa River, its importance to the French, 298. Ottawas, their hostility, 113; a generic name, 145 n.; join Denonville, 148; their barbarities, 153; claimed as British subjects, 158; greet Perrot, 204; jealous of the Hurons, 205; their neutrality overcome, 253-255. Ourehaoué, a Cayuga chief, 195, 200. Oyster River, attack and massacre, 365-367. P. Peace of Ryswick, 422; celebrated in Quebec, 426. Pemaquid, capture by French and Indians, 224, 346; scheme of Frontenac, 357; its defences, 358; attack and capture, 378-382. Pentegoet (Castine), 337; held by Saint-Castin, 345; attacked by Andros, 346. Perrot, governor of Montreal, 28; his anger at Bizard, 31; arrested at Quebec by Frontenac, 33; the king's opinion, 40; is restored, 65; his greed, 66; his enmity to Saint-Castin, 344; at the Montreal council, 448. Perrot, Nicolas, the voyageur, 102 n.; at Michillimackinac, 111; his skill in dealing with the Indians, 112, 145, 203, 206. Philip's (King) war, 220. Phips, Sir William, commands the expedition to Port Royal, 236; early life and character, 240-242; as governor of Massachusetts, 243; his expedition to Quebec, 262-285; the summons to surrender, 266; mistakes and delays, 268; cannonade, 272; retreat, 278; French supply-ships, 282; arrival at Boston, 283. Port Royal captured, 236-240. Prisoners (English), their treatment in Canada, 377; restored, 423; French, among the Indians, 421, 424. Q. Quebec, capital of Canada, 15; municipal government established by Frontenac, 19; the Lower Town burned, 72; greeting to Frontenac, 191; design of attack bv Massachusetts, 244-246 (see Phips, Sir W.); the defences, 251; arrival of Frontenac with troops, 259; defence against Phips's attack, 261-278; its imminent danger, 279; construction of fortifications, 297. R. Rat (the), a Huron chief, see Kondiaronk. Récollet friars befriended by Frontenac, 39, 71, 323, 435; their eulogy of him, 430. Richelieu, 184. Rooseboom, a Dutch trader, 128, 146. Runaways from Canada, sheltered by Dongan, 127. Rupert, Fort (Hudson's Bay), seized by Canadians, 133. Ryswick, peace of, 422, 452. S. Saint-Castin, Baron de, on the Penobscot, 221; attacks Fort Loval, 229; at Castine, 337; his career, 342-345; plan to kidnap him, 359; at the attack on Pemaquid, 380; on the Penobscot, 385. Sainte-Hélène, son of Le Moyne, 132, 209; in the attack on Schenectady, 210, 214; in the defence of Quebec, 271, 273; is killed, 276. Saint Louis (Saut de), mission village, 293, 309. Saint Louis, Fort, on the Illinois, 86, 144. Saint Sulpice, priests of, 29, 32, 35, 42. Saint-Vallier, bishop of Canada, 116; applauds Denonville, 169, 183; at Quebec, 247; during Phips's attack, 280, 281; relations with Frontenac, 463322, 326; excess of zeal, 328; returns to France, 332. Salmon Falls, attack on, 220, 227. Schenectady, destruction of, 211-216; its effect in Canada, 233; on the Indians, 252. Schuyler, John, attacks La Prairie, 257; carries the treaty of Ryswick to Quebec, 422; Peter, mayor of Albany, 198; leads an attack; his successful retreat, 289-293; in the Mohawk expedition, 312-314; convokes an Indian council, 399. Seignelay, son of Colbert, colonial minister, 61, 101; advices to Denonville, 170. Senecas, the most powerful of the Iroquois, 74, 76; prepare for hostilities, 97; pass for cowards, 100; their fortifications, 114; attack the Illinois, 117; intrigue with the Hurons, 118; Denonville plans to attack them, 122, 136; his campaign, 149-157; they threaten Fort Niagara, 166. Subercase, a French officer, proposes to attack the Iroquois, but is overruled, 178; in the Onondaga expedition, 412. T. Talon, the intendant, 15; declines to attend meeting of the estates, 20; returns to France, 21; hostile to Frontenac at the court, 40. Theatricals at Quebec, 324-326, 333. Thury, the priest, 225, 361; persuades Taxous, 363, 368; instigates hostilities, 376. Tonty at Fort St. Louis, 144; at Fort Niagara, 147; in the fight with the Senecas, 150. Toronto, 128. Torture practised by Indians, 181, 300, 413; instigated by the French, 305, 404, 405. Troyes, Chevalier de, 132; at Fort Niagara, 155. U. Ursuline Convent at Quebec, 24; during the attack, 280. V. Vaillant, the Jesuit, negotiates with Dongan, 162. Valrenne destroys Fort Frontenac, 192; sent to defend La Prairie, 291, 294. Vaudreuil, Chevalier de, in the Seneca campaign, 151; in the defence against the Iroquois, 169, 179; in the attack of the Onondagas, 410, 413, 414. Verchères, the heroine of, 302-308. Versailles, 1, 184. Viele, his mission to Onondaga, 93, 98. Villebon, governor of Acadia, 347, 378. Villeray, a tool of the Jesuits, 47; at Quebec, 247; his negotiations with Frontenac, 249. Villieu, commands the Indian allies, 361; attacks Oyster River, 365; nearly perishes in the Penobscot, 364; returns to Quebec, 368; takes Pemaquid, 381; is captured, 385. W. Waldron at Cocheco, 224. Walley, John, in command under Phips at Quebec, 246; commands the land attack, 271; in camp, 274-276; retreat, 277. Weems at Pemaquid, 224, 225. Wells, attacked by French and Abenakis, 353-355. William III., 184. Winthrop, commander at Albany, 257. Y. York, massacre at, 349-351. Get images that make Supersized seem small.Showcase your items with Auctiva's Listing Templates! THE simple solution for eBay sellers. Track Page Views WithAuctiva's Counter

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