Description: Free eBay listing template designed by dewiso.com Varna Bulgaria - History and Tourism Black Sea Region Postcards Ads Photos RARE Extremely rare book about the history of Varna with an emphasis on tourism. Told through many old postcards, ads, and photographs. Stunning and rare.In English, Russian and Bulgarian. Published by the local and regional governments and ministries of tourism.Oversized hardcover with slipcase (about 9" x 12"), 132 pages. Tight and square binding. Clean pages with no readily visible underlining or writing.I combine shipping. I have been selling books, coins, sports cards and other collectibles for more than 20 years.All items securely packed.Please note: If ordering internationally please request a more accurate weight for your package. Contact me any time... We can be contacted at any time through eBay messages if you have any questions, comments or product requests. We will respond to you within 24 hours and do our best to help you out! We encourage our customers to contact us with any questions or concerns! We'd like to be sure you are completely satisfied with your purchase. Some more details... Varna (Bulgarian: Варна, pronounced [ˈvarnɐ]) is the third-largest city in Bulgaria and the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and in the Northern Bulgaria region. Situated strategically in the Gulf of Varna, the city has been a major economic, social and cultural centre for almost three millennia. Historically known as Odessos (Ancient Greek: Ὀδησσός), Varna developed from a Thracian seaside settlement to a major seaport on the Black Sea. Varna is an important centre for business, transportation, education, tourism, entertainment and healthcare. The city is referred to as the maritime capital of Bulgaria and has the headquarters of the Bulgarian Navy and merchant marine. In 2008, Varna was designated as the seat of the Black Sea Euroregion by the Council of Europe.[2] In 2014, Varna was awarded the title of European Youth Capital 2017.[3] The oldest gold treasure in the world, belonging to the Varna culture, was discovered in the Varna Necropolis and dated to 4600–4200 BC.[4] Since the discovery of the Varna Necropolis in 1974, 294 burial sites have been found, with over 3000 golden items inside.[5] On 10 November 1444, one of the last major battles of the Crusades in European history was fought outside the city walls. Ottomans routed an army of 20,000–30,000 crusaders[24] led by Ladislaus III of Poland (also Ulászló I of Hungary), which had assembled at the port to set sail to Constantinople. The Christian army was attacked by a superior force of 55,000 or 60,000 Ottomans led by sultan Murad II. Ladislaus III was killed in a bold attempt to capture the sultan, earning the sobriquet Warneńczyk (of Varna in Polish; he is also known as Várnai Ulászló in Hungarian or Ladislaus Varnensis in Latin). The failure of the Crusade of Varna made the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453 all but inevitable, and Varna (with all of Bulgaria) was to remain under Ottoman domination for over four centuries. Today, there is a cenotaph of Ladislaus III in Varna. A major port, agricultural, trade and shipbuilding centre for the Ottoman Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries, preserving a significant and economically active Bulgarian population, Varna was later made one of the Quadrilateral Fortresses (along with Rousse, Shumen, and Silistra) severing Dobruja from the rest of Bulgaria and containing Russia in the Russo-Turkish wars. The Russians temporarily took over in 1773 and again in 1828, following the prolonged Siege of Varna, returning it to the Ottomans two years later after the medieval fortress was razed. In the early 19th century, many local Greeks joined the patriotic organisation Filiki Eteria. Αt the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence (1821) revolutionary activity was recorded in Varna. As a result, local notables that participated in the Greek national movement were executed by the Ottoman authorities, while others managed to escape to Greece and continue their struggle. The British and French campaigning against Russia in the Crimean War (1854–1856) used Varna as headquarters and principal naval base; many soldiers died of cholera and the city was devastated by a fire. A British and a French monument mark the cemeteries where cholera victims were interred. In 1866, the first railroad in Bulgaria connected Varna with the Rousse on the Danube, linking the Ottoman capital Constantinople with Central Europe; for a few years, the Orient Express ran through that route. The port of Varna developed as a major supplier of food—notably wheat from the adjacent breadbasket Southern Dobruja—to Constantinople and a busy hub for European imports to the capital; 12 foreign consulates opened in the city. Local Bulgarians took part in the National Revival; Vasil Levski set up a secret revolutionary committee. In 1878, the city, which had 26,000 inhabitants, was given to Bulgaria by Russian troops, who entered on 27 July. Varna became a front city in the First Balkan War and the First World War; its economy was badly affected by the temporary loss of its agrarian hinterland of Southern Dobruja to Romania (1913–16 and 1919–40). In the Second World War, the Red Army occupied the city in September 1944 and helped to cement communist rule in Bulgaria. One of the early centres of industrial development and the Bulgarian labour movement, Varna established itself as the nation's principal port of export, a major grain-producing and viticulture centre, seat of the nation's oldest institution of higher learning outside Sofia, a popular venue for international festivals and events, and the country's de facto summer capital with the erection of the Euxinograd royal summer palace (currently, the Bulgarian government convenes summer sessions there). Mass tourism emerged since the late 1950s. Heavy industry and trade with the Soviet Union boomed in the 1950s to the 1970s. List of Varna districts (and bouroughs) includeVladislav Varnenchik, Владислав Варненчик, Vladislav Varnenchik,Kaisieva Gradina (Apricot Garden), Кайсиева градина, Vladislav Varnenchik,Troshevo, Трошево, Mladost,Mladost (Youth), Младост, MladostChayka (Seagull), Чайка, PrimorskiCentral borough, Център, OdessosAsparuhovo, Аспарухово, AsparuhovoVinitza, Виница, PrimorskiZlatni pyasatsi (Golden Sands), Златни пясъци, PrimorskiHristo Botev, Христо Ботев, OdessosGalata, Галата, Asparuhovo,Vazrazhdane (Revival), Възраждане, MladostPobeda (Victory), Победа, MladostZapadna Promishlena Zona (West Industrial Zone), Западна промишлена зона, Mladost Free eBay listing template designed by © dewiso.com.
Price: 81.25 USD
Location: Alexandria, Virginia
End Time: 2024-12-11T03:30:01.000Z
Shipping Cost: 6.13 USD
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Item Specifics
Restocking Fee: No
Return shipping will be paid by: Seller
All returns accepted: Returns Accepted
Item must be returned within: 30 Days
Refund will be given as: Money Back
Publication Year: 2006
Language: Bulgarian, English, Russian
Book Title: Tourism in Varna and Varna Region
Author: Unknown See Listing
Genre: History
Topic: Architectural Photography, Architecture, Christian History, Contemporary History, Cultural History, Economic History, Family History, Family Life, Landscape Photography, Local History, Modern History, Photojournalism, Regional History, Social History, World History
Country/Region of Manufacture: Bulgaria
